FNF: HUMAN MEMORY RESEARCH (TIMELINE) 2001-03-23

HUMAN MEMORY RESEARCH TIMELINE

LJ
NL

FNF: HUMAN MEMORY RESEARCH TIMELINE 2001-03-23 http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_memrg.htm 001-03-23 JE

MEMORY RESEARCH GO NEWS PIC MAP GD GL W_IS ARE BIO LJ LT LEIT GS DEF TL HI RE CB CO STAT WHATIS FAQ WW2 HELP

The_Cognitive_Revolution

MEMORY RESEARCH

http://brain.web-us.com/memory/human_memory.htm

MEMORY AND RELATED LEARNING PRINCIPLES
http://brain.web-us.com/memory/memory_and_related_learning_prin.htm

Everyday memory EDM
http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_memHuman Memory Research.htm

NL_TI_Tulving BIO BIO2 BIO3

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"Endel Tulving Cognitive Psychologist
World's authority on human memory function

"Don't listen to authorities. Find out what the problem is, find out the facts, and makeup your own mind. Use the scientific method to work things out. There's no reason why the scientific method should stay in the lab. It can solve many problems and I wish
more people would adopt the experimental method: 'let's try this and see if it works.' There's no reason to expect this to be the right answer. Trust your feelings and try out various things. Use trial and error, objectivity and plenty of alternatives."

See the full original at: http://www.science.ca/scientists/Tulving/tulving.html

P: FNF: MEMORY RESEARCH http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_memrg.htm

"Although the details of the optimization technique are covered by SuperMemo World's trade secret, the general outline of the
used algorithm is presented below patent pending."
http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_memr.htm

NL_SuperMemo optimization algorithm

Memory Retention Studies SuperMemo http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_memr.htm 2001-02-05

Clark, A. and C. Eliasmith in press Philosophical issues in brain theory and connectionism. Handbook of brain theory and neural networks,
M. Arbib ed. 2ed. MIT Press.
Philosophical Issues in Brain Theory and Connectionism
Andy Clark & Chris Eliasmith
http://ascc.artsci.wustl.edu/~celiasmi/Papers/withclark.html

Connectionism
http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/connectionism.html

Direct Interfaces into the Global BrainBy: F. Heylighen http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_globd.htm 2001-03-04
FNF: Long Term Memory and Hypertext http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_hylon.htm 2001-03-22

1881
1882
1883
1884
1885	Ebbinghaus On Memory LJ	"In 1885 a monograph from the pen of a young psychologist, Hermann Ebbinghaus, opened a new vista on experimentation. Published in German as �ber das Gedchtnis and eventually translated into English as Memory. A Contribution to Experimental Psychology"
1886
1887
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1891
1892
1893
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1895
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1897
1898	Thorndike 1898
1899

1900
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1902
1903	Thorndike 1903 NL; BIO	"By using trial-and-error experiments with animals, Thorndike formulated his so-called law of effect—the more satisfying the result of a particular action, the better that action is GO learned—and applied it to the development of special teaching techniques for use in the classroom. He is particularly known for his construction of various intelligence and aptitude tests and for his repudiation of the belief that such primarily intellectual subjects as languages and mathematics discipline the mind." See the full original at: http://encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/05/005A4000.htm
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919	John Watson 1919 1924
1920
1921	Warren 1921	Association by Contiguity
1922
1923
1924		"Lev Semenovich Vygotsky 1896-1934 studied at the University of Moscow to become a teacher of literature. His first research as a young scholar focused on artistic creation. It was only from 1924 on that his career changed dramatically and he started working in the areas of developmental psychology, education and psychopathology. He pursued these interests at a highly productive pace until he died of tuberculosis in 1934 at a very young age Murray Thomas, 1993." See the full original at: http://www.viavale.com.br/english/sk-vygot.html
1925
1926
1927	Ivan Pavlov NL; BIO 1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943	Clark Hull 1943 GO
1944
1945	Vannevar Bush VB	Vannevar Bush VB "As we may think" 1945
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1951
1952
1953	B.F. Skinner NL; BIO 1953 1957
1954
1955		The_Cognitive_Revolution
1956		The_Cognitive_Revolution "Around 1956, the intellectual landscape began to change dramatically. George Miller NL; N7 summarized numerous studies which showed that the capacity of human thinking is limited, with short-term memory, for example, limited to around seven items. He proposed that memory limitations can be overcome by recoding information into chunks, mental representations that require mental procedures for encoding and decoding the information. At this time, primitive computers had been around for only a few years, but pioneers such as John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell, and Herbert Simon were founding the field of artificial intelligence. In addition, Noam Chomsky rejected behaviorist assumptions about language as a learned habit and proposed instead to explain language comprehension in terms of mental grammars consisting of rules. The six thinkers mentioned in this paragraph can be viewed as the founders of cognitive science. " See the full original at: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cognitive-science/
1957		"Allen Newell: "With Herbert Simon, he proposed the Physical Symbol System hypothesis, according to which the mind is defined as a physical symbol system, in 1957. " see below
1958
1959
1960
1961	Allen Newell AN and Herbert Simon 1961 1972	Jerome Bruner: "Never content with academic work alone, Bruner helped start the educational reform movement in this country during the early '60s and served on the President's Science Advisory Committee during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. His book, The Process of Education, published in 1961, was and continues to be one of the movement's major guides. Bruner has since been involved in a variety of educational enterprises, including the founding of Head Start, of which he was a major architect." http://www.law.nyu.edu/faculty/bios/brunerj.html
1962		"Abraham Maslow set out many of his psychological views in his Toward a Psychology of Being 1962 and Farther Reaches of Human Nature 1971. " See the full original at: http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/psychology/maslow.html Allen Newell: "After doing graduate work in mathematics at Princeton, Newell became a scientific staff member at Rand Corporation, where he did research on artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology, with a focus on problem-solving and cognitive architectures that supports intelligent action. With Herbert Simon, he proposed the Physical Symbol System hypothesis, according to which the mind is defined as a physical symbol system, in 1957. Newell joined the Carnegie Institute of Technology faculty in 1961. He played a pivotal role in creating Carnegie-Mellon’s School of Computer Science and elevating the school to world-class status. At the time of his death, Newell was the U.A. and Helen Whitaker University Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. His work centered on SOAR, an architecture for intelligent problem solving and learning. Soar provides a basis for continued research on knowledge acquisition systems, a unified theory of human cognition, human-computer interaction, and the efficiency of production systems. Newell wrote and co-authored more than 250 publications, and ten books. Among his better known publications are ‘Elements of Human Problem Solving’ 1958, ‘GPS: A Program That Simulates Human Thought’ 1963, ‘Compter Science as Empirical Inquiry’ with Herbert Simon, 1976, and ‘Physical Symbols Systems’ 1980." http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/MindDict/newell.html
1963
1964
1965		Seymour Papert http://memex.org/meme2-13.html http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc/cogsci.html#papert
1966
1967
1968
1969	Allan Paivio 1969 1971 NL	Visual Imagery L1 Mental Imagery
1970		Tulving-Wiseman Law e.g., Flexser & Tulving, 1970 BIO http://act.psy.cmu.edu/act/book/Chapter7/tulving_wiseman.html
1971	Skinner : "Beyond Freedom and Dignity"	"In 1971, Skinner published a book that would prove to be even more shocking to the American public. In "Beyond Freedom and Dignity", Skinner challenged the very foundation of the American belief system. He dismissed the notion that individual freedom existed. Man's actions were nothing more than a set of behaviors that were shaped by his environment, over which he had no control" See the full original at: http://nh.essortment.com/bfskinner_rgjj.htm
1972	Allen Newell and Herbert Simon 1961 1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
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1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
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1993		"Goldman 1993 provides a concise review of applications of cognitive science to epistemology, philosophy of science, philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and ethics." http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cognitive-science/
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