Learning retention rates  ALRR
     FNF: LEARNING RETENTION (How much do we remember?) 2005-07-21   http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/cs_reten.htm
    ©  Jón Erlendsson  2005-07-21   Educational Productivity   ICELAND History -IPictures     Global Perspective   ED  FIND



"Average learning retention rates     
Memory   

  from various instructional modes:

Lecture - 5% See Google

Reading - 10%
See Google
Audio Visual - 20%

Demonstration - 30%


Discussion group - 50%
Practice by doing - 75%
    Google-LBD
Teaching others - 90%


Immediate application of learning
in a real situation - 90%.
"




Of what we know we learn approximately

1% through Taste

2% through Touch

4% through Smell

10% through Hearing

83% through Sight

Of what we learn we retain approximately


10% of what we Read X1

20% of what we Hear

30% of what we See  X1 (We "see" what we read!)

50% of what we Hear And See

70% of what we Say

90% of what we Say As We Do
......"


".....15 sites on learning retention.

SOURCE http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/hrdlink.html

Related links:  "Average Learning Retention Rates" (Google_Search) 2005-07-21
http://www.volunteercenter.org/showyourcharacter/teachers/default.asp?id=30


Original Research:
"Research done by Edgar Dale shows the effectiveness of learning based on
the learning experiences and the media that was used for the instruction. "

"From Dale's research, additional studies were performed
by the National Training Laboratories.."
See ED Cone of Experience

References
  1. They range from brief notes to in-depth studies:
    http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/hrdlink.html
    "
  2. See the full original: http://www.outnet.freeserve.co.uk/goodies/learning.htm http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/
  3. http://www.cead.puc-rio.br/Eventos/RealNetworks/sld012.htm
  4. http://www.canr.msu.edu/aee401/092597lecture/tsld005.htm
  5. Make Training Stick: A Systematic Approach to the Transfer of Learning 615-PRO
    http://www.seminarfinder.com/deluxe/seminar/50347.html    LJ_Transfer   LJ_Memory
  6. Learning retention
  7. http://muskingum.edu/~cal/database/memory.html   +
  8. Memory   mem
  9. FNF: LEARNING BY DOING: 80% RETENTION - LEARNING BY READING OR HEARING: 5-10% RETENTION
    http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/lbdec1.htm  

 

Learning Retention and Memory  - References    Search Google with these "strings"

  1. Learning Retention and Memory                   

  2. General-Purpose Learning Strategies - Memory

  3. Implications Of Results From Cognitive Science Research For Medical Education

  4. A Study of Receptive and Productive Vocabulary Learning from Word Cards.

  5. Picture-Based vs. Rule-Based Learning

  6. Learning Theory and Advertising

  7. Memory: Encoding, Storage, Retention, and Retrieval

  8. The Impact of the Environment on the Word Frequency and Null List Strength Effects in Recognition Memory

  9. Self-Directed Learning
    Supporting and Facilitating Self-Directed Learning
    Self-Directed Learning
    Teaching Learners to be Self-Directed
    Self-Directed Learning: The Ultimate Learning Style?
    Student Self-Directed Learning
    Introduction: Why self-directed learning?
    Self-Directed Learning Home Page
    What's in a Word? Changes in Self Directed Learning Language over a Decade
BREAKTHROUGHS  EDUCATION  Health   Global  Leit.is LJ  Google GJ Finding Information

FNF

World history

 

 

 

References and various items    See HELP  JE-2005
2003-09-29  
©  Jón Erlendsson  2005-08-10       Customer Comments      History of -Iceland    Site Index 

FNF: LEARNING RETENTION (How much do we remember?) 2001-06-27  http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/cs_reten.htm
FNF: TERRORISM and NATURAL DISASTERS   http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/ds_terro.htm    2001-10-01   (C) JE/UH 
FNF: SYSTEMS ENVIRONMENT: Definition SOURCE: systems-theory http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/sysenv1.htm
FNF: SYSTEMS SCIENCE SOURCE: NogH: Systems Thinking / Systems Approach - Its Significance and Pervasiveness
http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/syssci.htm

FNF: Almenna kerfisfræðin     (e. General Systems Theory) http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/cq_gsys1.htm  Cybernetics 
NS-2003: Skyldulesning: SYSTEMS ENGINEERING and SYSTEMS THINKING      http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/sysns1.htm  
HHE: "Knowledge, should be accessible at the point and moment of need." (Britton Manasco) http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/knowac1.htm
ITEC: WTO | Growth rate of world merchandise trade expected to double in 2000 http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/trillio1.htm
HRIK: INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENT GROWTH S: Grandfather International Comparison Report - by MWHodges http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/hrikgov2.htm
FNF: "Why We Must Change: The Research Evidence" http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_gardr.htm   2001-06-01
FNF: Hve mörg lykilatriði í fyrirlestri skila sér í glósur nemendanna? http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_kiewm.htm   2001-12-14
2003-09-28
 
ATV: DN - Debatt - Ringholm på DN Debatt: Tuffare tag mot de sjukskrivna http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/sjuks1.htm
FNF: LEARNING BY DOING: 80% RETENTION - LEARNING BY READING OR HEARING: 5-10% RETENTION http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/lbdec1.htm
FNF: E-LEARNING: LESS COST AND BETTER RETENTION! KPMG http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/kpmg.htm  

FNF: Waste in Training (Britton Manasco:) http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_qquan.htm   2001-02-17
NS: Roger C. Schank: The Student Bill of Rights http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/cs_schabr.htm
FNF: MEMORIZING OBSCURE FACTS THAT WILL NEVER BE NEEDED! http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/schanme1.htm
FNF: SCHANK: LEARNING BY DOING  http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_lbdr.htm    2001-12-18  
FNF: LEARNING BY DOING   http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_lbdd3.htm    2001-11-15
INNO: THE WORLD ECONOMY: $48 trillion-a-year SOURCE: JS Online http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/globec1.htm
FNF: INNOVATION: OFTEN SIMPLE YET - EXCEEDINGLY DIFFICULT! SOURCE: New Page http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/innosim1.htm
FNF: IML: Learning & Teaching: Understanding Student Learning  http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/y3_37931.htm
FNF: THE WRITTEN WORD: REFLECTIVE and SUPPORTS KNOWLEDGE CONSTRUCTION
http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_wwox.htm   2001-12-06 (C) JE/UH VS: 525.4666 (-5)

FNF: What is abstraction? http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/ab2.htm

HUMAN MEMORY    MEM COG EXPNO EXX     SPEE     MASSM  NT  STSKIL   PRSO = MEMM


FNF: THE HIPPOCAMPUS: ESTABLISHMENT OF LONG TERM MEMORIES SOURCE: appendages http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/memhipp1.htm
FNF: ‘Good’ chemical, neurons in brain elevated among exercise addicts http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/memexe1.htm
PRSO Problem Solving SO Posing LK BUNG LK LK EMER LK OPP MARK LK EMB CREA BR    cre unders ummee
CRE Creativity CRE HB PAT PFIND LJ Ivate LJ ENTR LJ Ama Goal Vision SYINNO TRIZ   ejustin Axio  USPTO PS SUGG BRSTO INNO
ENTR Entrepreneurship EED FFR ENTR   LK LK LK    LK LK LK NOT   STRAT INNO SYS CRE 
PRSO =Problem Solving Posing LK BUNG LK LK    EMER    LK OPP  LK    MARK LK EMB    CREA    BR   
Unsolved Problems 
GO GJ  LHI IE NEWS PIC MAP DZ AZ  GL DEF DC LJ    LEIT GS TL HI RE CB CO STAT TS  WH FAQ GS  NogH NO HELP
Creativity LJ Pr.Finding LJ LJ Innovate LJ LJ    Entrep LJ    X LJ Amabile LJ Goal  Vision    ejustin  =crea
NogH: Structured Problem Solving: Arthur B. VanGundy: " a pioneer on idea generation techniques"
http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/prsol1.htm     OLD=/y3_44727.htm
Arthur B. VanGundy
GO GJ  LHI IE NEWS PIC MAP DZ AZ  GL DEF DC LJ    LEIT GS TL HI RE CB CO STAT TS  WH FAQ GS  NogH NO HELP
idea generation techniques GO GJ  LHI IE NEWS PIC MAP DZ AZ  GL DEF DC LJ    LEIT GS TL HI RE CB CO STAT TS  WH FAQ GS  
Structured Problem Solving  GO GJ  LHI IE NEWS PIC MAP DZ AZ  GL DEF DC LJ    LEIT GS TL HI RE CB CO STAT TS  WH FAQ GS
CRE Creativity CRE HB PAT PFIND LJ Ivate LJ ENTR LJ Ama Goal Vision SYINNO TRIZ   ejustin Axio  USPTO PS SUGG BRSTO SCAN pat INNO 
Sources of Innovation  Systematic Innovation  FUT   INNO   SEARCH  Ný tækifæri  = INNOO
FNF: Ragni Piene - the first woman to join the executive of the International Mathematical Union
SOURCE: New Scientist http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/mathwo1.htm

ITEC: 2003-09-28 BBC: France's Minitel lives on http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/minitel1.htm
HHE: GLOOMY PREDICTIONS: BACTERIA ARE QUICKLY BECOMING RESISTANT TO ANTIBIOTICA! SOURCE: BBC NEWS | Health | Antibiotics crisis 'looming' http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/drugov3.htm
NS: INTERPERSONAL SKILLS FOR ENGINEERS SOURCE: NAIT Human Resources - Resources for Leaders http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/y3_18300.htm
HHE: ANTIBIOTICS CRISIS CAUSED BY OVERPRESCRIBING
SOURCE: BBC NEWS | Health | Antibiotics crisis 'looming' http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/drugov1.htm  


2003-09-27
 
NogH: What Is a Think Tank? http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/thinkta1.htm
HHE: BMJ: How can doctors best communicate health risks? http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/herisk1.htm
FNF: COSMOLOGY AND EARTH http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/ltcosmo1.htm   2002-4-1 Andromeda
FNF: Milky Way swallowing neighbor galaxy SOURCE: Contra Costa Times | 09/27/2003 |
 http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/milky01.htm

FNF: INVOLVING STUDENTS IN DISCUSSIONS => BETTER RETENTION etc http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_gard3.htm
FNF: RESOURCEFULNESS: Definition and Significance SOURCE: Dictionary.com http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/y3_10610.htm
NS: Kröfur á verkfræðimenntun (ABET 2000) - og verkfræðinga http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/cs_kro11.htm
FNF: Systemic Engineering Education Reform http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_enedx.htm   2001-05-11
FNF: THE SCIENCE OF LEARNING: Definition SOURCE: NSF  http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/sciled1.htm
FNF: PHYSICS EDUCATION: Testimony of Dr. Jose P. Mestre SOURCE: http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/mestrete1.htm  
FNF: Having initiative - Being a "Self Starter" http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/cq_selfst.htm  
FNF: Student Thinking: Too Low Cognitive Levels http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_coglw.htm   2001-02-11

NS: ENGINEERING and ACTION: THE ART OF GETTING THINGS DONE http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/y3_58872.htm
NS:: THE PERILS OF PERFECTIONISM University of Buffalo - Student counseling services http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/y3_75968.htm

NS-2003: Peter Drucker: Adapting to change is dangerous - You should CREATE CHANGE!
http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/cs_pdfc.htm

NS: Principles of Innovation (An excerpts with comments  from Peter Drucker: Innovation and Entrepreneurship)
(p. 133-140) Jón Erlendsson 99.01.25 http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/CQ_PRI66.htm

FNF: Jose P. Mestre: "Scientists know of no other way to teach than the way they were taught. " http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/mestre4.htm
 NS: PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICA: "The most influential book written in the 20th Century "
  (A.N. Whitehead and Bertrand Russellhttp://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/cs_mathp.htm    (2000-11-04)

FNF: BERTRAND RUSSELL   on AUTHORITY   http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_autbr.htm          2001-05-09  JE 
GLOB: 2003-09-27  BBC: Disaster aid satellites launched http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/disast01.htm
FNF: MISCONCEPTIONS and LEARNING SOURCE: Research Results Relevant to Education in Physics http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/y3_71574.htm
 FNF: FRAGMENTATION OF KNOWLEDGE   http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_knofr.htm   2001-05-02  JE  
FNF: COGNITIVE RESEARCH - IGNORED BY TEXTBOOK AUTHORS and PUBLISHERS! (Jose P. Mestre)
http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_texc.htm 2001-11-28 (C) JE/UH VS: 525.4666 (-5)

NS-2003:   Vísindaleg þekking: Það líklegasta miðað við tiltæk gögn - en sjaldnast/aldrei endanleg eða "fullkomin"     http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/sciknd1.htm        
FNF: PASSIVE BELIEF IN NON-EXISTING PERFECTION http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_pertt.htm   2001-11-25
HRIK: CNN.com - Postman could offer personalized stamps - Jul. 24, 2003 http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/custom11.htm
ITEC: ELECTRONIC PAPER: Definition SOURCE: Electronic paper - Wikipedia http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/epaperd.htm


2003-09-26
 
ITEC: Research on Teaching; Web Issues SOURCE: CHAPTER 2 http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/neuronl1.htm
ITEC: Paint-on technology could lead to thinner, cheaper displays  http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/displpa1.htm  
FNF: CBI: 30% reduction in Learning Time! http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/y3_76107.htm
ITEC: A MORE INTELLIGENT WWW! SOURCE: BBC NEWS  future http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wwwint1.htm  
HHE: MEDLINEplus: Pain Biggest U.S. Health Problem http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/painchr1.htm  
HHE: MEDLINEplus: New cancer detection method announced http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/prostde1.htm
ITEC: W3C to study patent's threat to HTML | CNET News.com http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wwwpat2.htm  
INNO: THE PATENT APPLICATION PROCESS (A GOOD GRAPHICAL PICTURE!) SOURCE: Patent Application Process
http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/patint4.htm

INNO: PATENT INTELLIGENCE: Definition SOURCE: Engineering Patent Intelligence Seminarshttp://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/patint3.htm
INNO: PATENT INTELLIGENCE FOR ENGINEERS http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/patint2.htm   
INNO: WIPO-IFIA Symposium on the Commercialization of Patented Inventions
SOURCE: NS: ÍTAREFNI FYRIR NÝSKÖPUNARHÓP 2001-12-05 http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wipoif1.htm  
FNF: THE SEMANTIC WEB SOURCE: The Semantic Web: An Introduction http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/semawed.htm  

FNF: HEBBIAN LEARNING SOURCE: Hebbian Learning http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/hebbip1.htm  
FNF: WHAT IS CONSTRUCTIVISM? and EXPLICIT CONSTRUCTIVISM
  SOURCE: Constructivism.htm (Page 1) http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/prico.htm     PRICO    y3_59810

HHE: HEALTH LITERACY (Institute of Medicine, USA) SOURCE: IOM   http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/healthli1.htm  
HHE: IOM Spinal Cord Injury: Strategies in a Search for a Cure http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/spinaln1.htm  
INNO: SD  SMART-1: The First Spacecraft Of The Future http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/smart1.htm  
NS-2003: TILKYNNINGAR 2003-09-17 (+ Ítarefni fyrir hópverkefni!) http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/nst01.htm
NS-2003: EFNI: HÓPVERKEFNI - SKILGREININGAR - SKIL Í NÆSTU VIKU!      http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/ethvt1.htm       
NS:2003 og fleira
: DAGLEGIR PISTLAR (Hluti af þessu efni tilheyrir NS-2003) http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/z.htm zz
NS-2003: TDD= MINNST Á Í TÍMANUM Í DAG 2003-09-26   http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/et03t2.htm    td.htm
FNF: ELECTRONIC WHITEBOARDS (Egill Hreinssonhttp://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/whiteb1.htm   
FNF: LIBRARY OF CONGRESS (20 million books): Can be sent over INTERNET2 in 7 seconds!
http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wh_loc7.htm   2001-04-21 JE VS: 525.4666

HHE: 2003-09-26 BBC: E-government services 'on track' - Available in 2005 http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/egovuk3.htm
ITEC: WILL TEXT MESSAGING (SMS) BE REPLACED BY VOICE MESSAGING?
SOURCE: BBC NEWS | Technology | Turning mobiles into walkie-talkies http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/voicesm1.htm  

FNF: ENGINEERS SHOULD BE "HANDS-ON" PEOPLE - SELF-STARTERS THAT "GET THINGS DONE" !
http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/y3_30625.htm
NS: INTERPERSONAL SKILLS FOR ENGINEERS http://www.foundationcoalition.org/resources/first-year/tamu/course-materials/interpersonal-skills.html

FNF: INDUCTION and DEDUCTION ( Logic) S: Inductive reasoning - Wikipedia http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/induct1.htm
See The Problem of Induction:(Unsolved)   http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_induction
See Scientific Method  WIKI  
(Renna yfir þetta - líkleg skyldulesning WIKI )     Philosophy for Engineers

2003-09-25

NS: TECHNICAL SELLING - often means - Getting acceptance of new technology in your company! Selling Ideas
Not just "selling products" ! SOURCE: MMSE799-05 S02 Technical Selling http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/y3_90274.htm

NS: Corporate culture - Is this organisation right for you? http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/cultco1.htm
FNF: DRENNAN: TRANSFORMING COMPANY CULTURE Book  http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/y3_39118.htm
NS: ENGINEERS SHOULD BE "HANDS-ON" PEOPLE - SELF-STARTERS THAT "GET THINGS DONE" !  http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/y3_30625.htm
FNF: Metcalfe's law: "The value of a communications system grows as the square of the number of users of the system. "
http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/wikimet1.htm

HHE: Yahoo! News - Yeast Offers Insight Into Aging and Cancer http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/genemis1.htm  
FNF: MAGNETIC STORAGE DENSITIES: 1000 GB/Square Inch possible http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/massm22.htm
FNF: PARADIGM PARALYSIS - GETTING TRAPPED IN PAST MODES OF THINKING http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/y3_69305.htm
FNF: Learning Productivity: Some Culprits and Solutions (D. Bruce Johnstone) http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/lpn2.htm
STRAIGHT See Straight Talk  Megauniversities   Open University  símenntun   Johnstone    SPRE MEGAU
FNF:  Fyrirsjáanleg sprenging í símenntun:  Núverandi aðferðir yrðu alltof dýrar!  - Breytinga er þörf   2001-03-08 http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/transf34.htm   See Straight Talk  Megauniversities   símenntun Open University
FNF: The Learning Paradigm College by John Tagg http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/paradle1.htm
SEE Schank   Defects in Education   FNFF_Sparnaður   Transformation   Barr Ebbinghaus =SCHANK
FNF: "WHAT IS SCIENCE?" http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/science.htm
FNF: POSTULATE: DEFINITION  Cambridge Dictionaries Online - Cambridge University Press http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/axiop1.htm

FNF: AXIOM SOURCE: Axiom - Wikipedia http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/axiom1.htm   
FNF: Axiomatization - Wikipedia http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/y3_80493.htm
NS: LOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THEORIES AND FORMULAS http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/Axiov2_files/Axiov2_frames.htm
 
Get Visio Viewer for your Internet Explorer to view this page! 
FNF: AXIOM SOURCE: Axiom - Wikipedia http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/axiom1.htm   
NS: Engineering Career Services: Employer Services http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/careejp1.htm
HHE: MEDLINEplus: Unfertilized Eggs Could Be New Stem Cell Source http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/stemcu1.htm
INNO: PLAUSIBLE FUTURES NEWSLETTER (Excellent source about Future Technology)
SOURCE: Plausible Futures Newsletter http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/futplau1.htm

ITEC: Suns New Superchip Technology:  100 fold speed increase!   http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/spee100.htm
ÖRYGG: 2003-09-25 Microsoft monoculture allows virus spread SOURCE: New Scientist http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/virms2.htm
HHE: US National Depression Screening Program http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/deprsc1.htm
ITEC: 2003-09-25  BBC:Smart cards track commuters http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/cardsm1.htm
NS: DIFFUSION OF TECHNOLOGY IS OFTEN SLOW: Example ELECTRICITY in USA http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/difftec1.htm
Read:  Druckers: Principles of Innovation CQ_PRI66  LJ IX IN GO IG    
Sources of innovation opportunities Drucker    LJ IX IN GO IG    



Subject:  rush permission request.
Date:      Wed, 20 Jul 2005 15:09:32 -0500
From:     "Bayless, Laura J (ELS-STL)" <L.Bayless@Elsevier.com>
To:         joner@hi.is




Dear Jón,

The National Association of EMS Educators are requesting permission to use your information on Learning Retention Rates, found on page http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/cs_reten.htm   in their new book, Foundations of Education.

If you would be willing to grant permission, please sign the attached form and return it to me via fax at 314-523-5941, or by email at
l.bayless@elsevier.com, or let me know you would rather mail the form and I will send you a postage-paid envelope, if you wish.

If there is a fee for the use of this material, please note the amount on the form when you send it back and we will pay the fee
promptly.

If you would not like to grant permission, please notify me via email, if you could.

I'm afraid that the authors notified me that they were seeking permission from you rather late, and we're very close to our ship
film date. If you could, I would greatly appreciate an answer as soon as possible.

Thank you very much for your time.

Sincerely,


Laura Bayless
Senior Developmental Editor
EMS/Fire Rescue, Elsevier
11830 Westline Industrial Drive
St. Louis, MO 63146
(800) 325-4177 x5929
l.bayless@elsevier.com





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